development of steel structure buildings

Hao Jiping Talks About the Development of Steel Structure Buildings

“In the future, the proportion of steel structure housing is expected to increase to 30% to 50%.” From June 2 to 4, during the 2023 National Building Steel Structure Industry Conference, Hao Jiping, president of the China Building Metal Structure Association, accepted an interview with a reporter from China Metallurgical News.

The great development of the steel industry provides important support for the development of steel structure buildings

“The great development of the steel industry has provided prerequisites and important support for the development of the steel structure construction industry.” Hao Jiping introduced that steel structure buildings have gone through several stages of development, and the use of steel structures was once restricted.

It is understood that after the founding of New China, with the development of economic construction, steel structure once played an important role. During the first five-year plan, China built a large number of steel structure workshops and bridges, which belonged to the initial stage of steel structure.

However, in the 1960s and 1970s, due to the restriction of steel production, the use of steel structures was restricted, the number of steel structure projects decreased, and the development of steel structure buildings was affected to a certain extent.

Since the reform and opening up in 1978, my country’s economy has developed rapidly, and steel production has increased year by year. In 1996, steel production exceeded 100 million tons, ranking first in the world’s steel production. The situation of steel supply in short supply has been changed, and the steel structure construction industry has encountered unprecedented opportunities.

The “1996-2010 Construction Technology Policy” issued by the Ministry of Construction in 1997 clearly proposed the rational use of steel, the promotion and development of steel structures, including “house and residential steel structures”, and the steel structure construction industry has developed rapidly.

Hao Jiping said that in 2022, with the overall decline in real estate development investment and the year-on-year decline in the construction area of newly started residential and office buildings, the output of steel structures will still increase year-on-year.

“Environment + gene” promotes steel structure buildings to enter a new stage of development

At present, China’s economy has entered a stage of high-quality development. As one of the key industries and one of the largest energy consumers related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, the construction industry should accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading, improve construction efficiency and quality, and develop in a green and low-carbon direction. “The spring of developing prefabricated steel structure buildings has come.” Hao Jiping pointed out.

From the perspective of industrial environment and policy background, the state and local governments have successively issued relevant policies to increase the promotion of steel structure buildings.

In 2021, the State Council issued the “Action Plan for Peaking Carbon by 2030”, clearly proposing to promote green and low-carbon building materials and green construction methods; accelerate the industrialization of new buildings, vigorously develop prefabricated buildings, and promote steel structure housing.

In 2021, the “Opinions on Promoting the Green Development of Urban and Rural Construction” issued by the General Office of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and The General Office of the State Council proposed to vigorously develop prefabricated buildings, focus on promoting the construction of prefabricated residential steel structures, constantly improve the standardization level of components, promote the formation of a complete industrial chain, and promote the coordinated development of intelligent construction and building industrialization.

In June 2022, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly with the National Development and Reform Commission issued the “Carbon Peak Implementation Plan for Urban and Rural Construction”, proposing to vigorously develop prefabricated buildings, promote steel structure housing, and prefabricated buildings account for 40% of new urban buildings in 2030.

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It can be said that the steel structure construction industry has ushered in new opportunities for development.

From its own point of view, the natural advantageous genes of steel structure provide internal conditions for its development.

“Steel structure buildings are full of advantages.” Hao Jiping said, first, the construction speed is fast and the construction period is short, which can realize early commissioning and early payment of enterprises.

Second, it has high strength, light weight, excellent mechanical properties, and strong dynamic load bearing capacity, which meets the structural requirements of high-rise and long-span buildings. “For some large-scale design projects, especially those with long-span and super-high structures, it is very difficult to realize reinforced concrete, and this is the advantage of steel structures.” Hao Jiping said.

The third is the high housing rate. With the same building area, the use of steel structures has 5% to 10% more usable area than other structures.

Fourth, the seismic performance is good.

The fifth is to save land area. Hao Jiping gave an example. The Beijing Fengtai Station, Asia’s largest double-deck car park and “seamless” transfer, which will be put into use in June 2022, adopts a double-deck steel structure as the main structure, which greatly saves land area. The total consumption of a single steel structure reaches nearly 20 tons.

Sixth, it has beautiful appearance and strong plasticity.

Seventh, from the perspective of social benefits, steel structures are green, environmentally friendly and recyclable building materials, and steel structure buildings are green and environmentally friendly buildings, which meet the requirements of green and low-carbon environmental protection.

According to statistics, steel structure buildings can save energy by 1/3 compared with traditional concrete technology in the process of production and construction, and can save energy by 10% compared with traditional buildings in the process of use. The water saving rate can reach 30%, dust emissions can be reduced by 80%, and construction waste can be reduced 80%.

The external environment and internal genes have prompted steel structure buildings to enter a new stage of development.

Establish systematic thinking to help the development of steel structure buildings

“Although the spring of steel structure buildings has come, the ‘flowers’ are still early.” Hao Jiping believes.

According to statistics, at present, steel structure buildings account for more than 40% of the total construction volume in developed countries, while steel structure buildings account for 5% to 7% in China, and steel structure residential buildings account for about 1%.

“The reason for the low application rate is that firstly, the public’s awareness needs to be improved, and secondly, we still have some problems.” Hao Jiping said, for example, the sound insulation effect of steel structure residential walls needs to be improved, and the anti-leakage effect of external walls needs to be improved, the deformation coordination between the steel structure and the wall needs to be improved.

“At present, one of the difficulties in developing steel structures is the lack of systematic thinking.” Hao Jiping pointed out, “Our designers only design, do not consider how to process; Steel structure personnel only study steel structure, do not study enclosure materials, doors and Windows.

In this way, they are isolated and separated from each other, seemingly meeting the norms and requirements, but they are not so suitable and matched. At the end of the day, it’s a lack of systems thinking.” So what is systems thinking? “When we buy a piece of cloth, we can’t just look at whether the fabric is good or not. We also need to consider who will cut it, what style it will be cut into, who will use it for, and what it will be used for. This is systematic thinking,” he said.

At the same time, Hao Jiping believes that the steel structure building should be a modern industrial product with complete functions, which contains the green envelope plate, doors and Windows, new decorative materials, the overall kitchen and bathroom products, as well as the organic integration of water, heating, electricity, gas, etc., and is the carrier for the comprehensive use of building automatic control, rainwater collection, solar energy, ground heat source, and intelligent technology. Among them, the steel structure is the “bone”, the pipeline, the line, etc., is the “blood vessels”, but also includes the external wall and other “skin”. Finally, a specification should be delivered.

Hao Jiping said that the development of steel structure building to the steel structure building as a modern industrial product to promote, to the building design, production, construction, maintenance, etc. as a complete system, problem-oriented, with system thinking, integrated concept, the whole process of service to guide the steel structure of the whole life process.

“This requires us to work together and problem-oriented improvement breakthroughs, such as seizing the characteristics of the steel structure and making suitable designs; Strengthen communication and cooperation between the industrial chain, deepen the docking of production and demand, and use the most suitable steel for steel structure buildings; Research more adaptable wall materials, more matching steel structure of the main structure; And so on.” Hao Jiping said.

If all these are really achieved, steel structure housing is not far away, but close at hand.